Bleeding or spotting between regular monthly periods can be alarming. When this happens, you may see just a spot or two of blood on your underwear or toilet tissue, or you may be bleeding as if you’ve started your period. Show
I often get questions about spotting between periods from my patients. While most of the time spotting isn’t anything to worry about, it can point to a more serious issue that might need treatment. Normal periodsNormal menstrual bleeding lasts about five to seven days. While your period usually occurs an average of every 28 days, anywhere from 21 to 35 days between periods is considered normal. About 14 days after the start of your period, you ovulate and release an egg from the ovary. This spotting can last for one to two days and is typically light bleeding. It’s possible to have spotting during ovulation, which is normal, although it should be discussed with your doctor. The uterine lining is ready for the implantation of a fertilized egg, and there can be spotting at the time of implantation if that occurs and pregnancy begins. What conditions might cause someone to bleed between periods?Bleeding between menstrual cycles can be due to structural issues within the uterus or womb, including endometrial polyps or fibroids. Polyps are small abnormal tissue growths that can occur in a number of places, including the cervix and uterus. Most polyps are benign, or noncancerous. Spotting can also be due to sexually transmitted infections that typically infect the cervix, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Learn the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections and contact your doctor if you suspect you have one. Birth controlHormonal birth control pills, patches, injections, rings and implants can all cause spotting between periods.
Changing the type of hormonal birth control you use can temporarily alter your progesterone levels, which could lead to spotting. As your system gets used to your new contraception, the spotting should stop. When should a woman consider seeing her doctor?If your spotting has been happening consistently for several months — or you’re worried about it for any reason — keep a menstrual diary to track irregular menstrual cycles or bleeding. If the irregularity persists for more than two months, I’d recommend making an appointment to see your ob/gyn for an exam. Megan Quimper, MD, is a physician at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center who specializes in obstetrics and gynecology. She provides reproductive health care that includes pregnancy care, contraception, well-woman care, cancer screening and gynecologic care. She has a special interest in global women's health.
OverviewWhat is vaginal bleeding?Vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from your vaginal area. It can refer to bleeding related to menstruation or bleeding unrelated to menstruation such as from trauma or a medical condition. In most cases, vaginal bleeding refers to bleeding that’s not related to menstruation (your period). Bleeding between periods or bleeding outside of a normal menstrual cycle is abnormal (irregular) vaginal bleeding. This type of bleeding can be random, impossible to predict and may be accompanied by pain or other symptoms. Vaginal bleeding not caused by menstruation can be caused by many factors like:
You may experience spotting or vaginal bleeding at some point in your life. Usually, it’s not a cause for worry. However, you should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to be sure. In some cases, vaginal bleeding is a sign of a serious condition. Who is more likely to experience vaginal bleeding?Unusual vaginal bleeding may occur at any age. When a person first begins having periods, they may not always occur on a regular schedule. The same is true in the years leading up to menopause. During this time of perimenopause, the number of days between periods may change, be skipped altogether or bleeding may be unusually heavy or light. Possible CausesWhat causes vaginal bleeding?There are many causes of vaginal bleeding other than menstruation. You should always work with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of your bleeding. Some of the more common causes are medical conditions, hormones and pregnancy complications. Medical conditions
Hormones
Pregnancy complications
Other possible causes
Can stress cause vaginal bleeding?Yes, stress can affect your hormone levels and contribute to irregular vaginal bleeding or irregular menstruation. What does it mean when you're bleeding but not on your period?If you’re bleeding but not on your menstrual period, it can be caused by several factors. Some reasons you may be bleeding could include infection, an underlying medical condition, medication or hormonal imbalance. It’s best to keep a record of your symptoms and contact a healthcare provider for an exam and any necessary tests. Care and TreatmentHow do doctors diagnose vaginal bleeding?Your healthcare provider will ask you questions about your symptoms and health history. They’ll perform a physical exam and pelvic exam. You can expect your provider to ask some of the following questions:
Your provider may order the following tests to help them find the cause of your vaginal bleeding:
How is vaginal bleeding treated?Treatment for vaginal bleeding depends on the cause of the bleeding, your age and if you wish to become pregnant. If a hormonal imbalance is the cause, your provider may recommend lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, reducing stress and losing weight. Other times, medication or surgery is needed to treat vaginal bleeding. Medications for vaginal bleeding
Surgical treatment for vaginal bleeding
What do I do to prevent or avoid vaginal bleeding?Some vaginal bleeding is necessary, such as with your menstrual period. However, abnormal vaginal bleeding can be inconvenient and negatively impact your life. Most often, vaginal bleeding is beyond your control and not caused by anything you’re doing wrong. It’s best to schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider to discuss your symptoms. Talking to them about when your bleeding is happening, what it looks like and how it feels can help them figure out the problem. When to Call the DoctorWhen should vaginal bleeding be treated by a healthcare provider?The following symptoms of vaginal bleeding should be brought to the attention of your healthcare provider:
A note from Cleveland Clinic Vaginal bleeding is usually defined as any bleeding from your vagina that’s not part of a menstrual period. There are many reasons you may be bleeding. In most cases, it’s not life-threatening and not a cause for concern. Most vaginal bleeding can be attributed to medical conditions, pregnancy or hormonal changes. Talk to your healthcare provider if you’re bleeding from your vagina and not on your menstrual period. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform an exam and order additional tests to determine a cause for your bleeding. |