Ask the doctorQ. My doctor told me I should get a home monitor to keep tabs on my blood pressure. Which number is most important in the reading, the top or the bottom one? Show
A. This question comes up often, perhaps because doctors and patients alike tend to pay more attention to the top (first) number, known as systolic pressure. It reflects the amount of pressure inside the arteries as the heart contracts. The bottom (second) number, diastolic pressure, is always lower since it reflects the pressure inside the arteries during the resting phase between heartbeats. As it turns out, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are important. Per the most recent guidelines, you have what's called elevated blood pressure if your systolic blood pressure reading is 120 to 129 mm Hg (which stands for millimeters of mercury). Once your systolic reading reaches 130 or higher or your diastolic reading is 80 or higher, you're considered to have high blood pressure, or hypertension. Most people have what's known as essential or primary hypertension, which means it's not caused by a medical condition, medication, or substance. Primary hypertension can affect both systolic and diastolic pressure to a similar degree. But sometimes, especially in older people, it affects mainly the systolic pressure; this is called isolated systolic hypertension. Why does this happen? As you age, your arteries tend to become less elastic and less able to accommodate surges of blood. Blood flowing through your arteries at high pressure can damage the inner lining of these vessels, accelerating the buildup of cholesterol-laden plaque. This further stiffens and narrows the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Because the same volume of blood has to pass through a smaller area, the systolic pressure tends to rise, while the diastolic pressure remains the same or gradually falls over time. In some people with isolated systolic hypertension, the diastolic pressure reading may drop into the 50s or even the 40s. Most studies show a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (especially strokes) related to high systolic pressure as opposed to elevated diastolic pressure. But in 2019, an eight-year-long study involving more than 1.3 million adults found that while elevated systolic pressure had a greater effect on cardiac outcomes, high diastolic readings also affected a person's risk, regardless of the systolic reading. To ensure accurate readings when you're checking your blood pressure at home, be sure to sit comfortably with your back supported, your feet flat on the floor, and your arm resting on a table with your palm facing up. If needed, support your arm with a pillow so that your elbow is at the level of your heart. — Deepak L. Bhatt, M.D., M.P.H. Image: © Vadim Zhakupov/Getty Images High Blood Pressure/HypertensionNot what you're looking for? What is high blood pressure?Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls. The force is made with each heartbeat as blood is pumped from the heart into the blood vessels. This is called systolic blood pressure. Blood pressure is also affected by the size of the artery walls and their elasticity. Each time the heart beats (contracts and relaxes), pressure is created inside the arteries. When the heart is relaxed, the arteries stay at a lower resting tone to maintain some pressure in the artery. This is called diastolic blood pressure. High blood pressure is when the force of the blood is too high during heart contraction or relaxation within the arteries. The arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood. This causes your heart to pump harder to circulate the blood. What causes high blood pressure?These factors may cause high blood pressure:
Who is at risk for high blood pressure?More than half of all adult Americans have high blood pressure. You are at risk for it if you:
What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?High blood pressure often has no symptoms. But you can find out if your blood pressure is higher than normal by checking it yourself or by having it checked regularly by your healthcare provider. Very high blood pressure can cause symptoms. These include headache, changes in vision, or chest pain. How is high blood pressure diagnosed?Blood pressure is measured with a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope by a nurse or other healthcare provider. You can also take your own blood pressure with an electronic blood pressure monitor. You can find one at most pharmacies.
Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure:
Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). This recording represents how high the mercury column in the blood pressure cuff is raised by the pressure of the blood. Blood pressure is rated as normal, elevated, or stage 1 or stage 2 high blood pressure:
Even higher blood pressure (with the systolic blood pressure 180 or higher, the diastolic blood pressure more than 120, or both) is called a hypertensive urgency if there are no related symptoms. Or it's called a hypertensive emergency if there are symptoms indicating damage to the brain, heart, or kidneys. If you have a hypertensive urgency, you may need a change in your medicine right away or be evaluated in an emergency room. If you have a hypertensive emergency, you will need to be evaluated in an emergency room; and likely have a stay in the hospital. A single higher blood pressure measurement does not always mean you have a problem. Your healthcare provider will want to see several blood pressure measurements over a number of days or weeks before diagnosing high blood pressure and starting treatment. Ask your provider when you should call if your blood pressure readings are not in the normal range. How is high blood pressure treated?Treatment for high blood pressure may involve: Lifestyle changesThese healthy steps can help you control your blood pressure:
Certain medicinesSometimes you may need to take 1 or more daily medicines to control high blood pressure. Take it exactly as directed. If you have high blood pressure, have your blood pressure checked routinely and see your healthcare provider to watch the condition. What are possible complications of high blood pressure?High blood pressure raises your risk for:
How do I prevent high blood pressure?You can help prevent high blood pressure with many of the same healthy steps used to treat it. These are:
Key points about high blood pressure
Next stepsTips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:
Medical Reviewer: Steven Kang MD Medical Reviewer: Ronald Karlin MD Medical Reviewer: Stacey Wojcik MBA BSN RN © 2000-2022 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions. Not what you're looking for? What if systolic is normal and diastolic is high?If an individual has normal systolic blood pressure, lowering the diastolic blood pressure can affect the brain's blood flow regulation, leading to a stroke. According to a study, researchers associated IDH with an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.
What does it mean when diastolic is high?A: A high diastolic blood pressure (80 mm Hg or higher) that stays high over time means you have high blood pressure, or hypertension, even when systolic blood pressure is normal. Causes of diastolic high blood pressure include both lifestyle factors and genetics, but the disease is multifactorial.
Which is more important in blood pressure diastolic or systolic?Over the years, research has found that both numbers are equally important in monitoring heart health. However, most studies show a greater risk of stroke and heart disease related to higher systolic pressures compared with elevated diastolic pressures.
When should you worry about the bottom number of blood pressure?Over time, isolated diastolic hypotension can cause heart failure. In fact, it may be one of the most common causes of heart failure. Pay attention to your diastolic number when you have your blood pressure checked. If your lower number is 60 or below, ask a healthcare professional about it.
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