Skip to main content Show
STATISTICAL BRIEF #404: Expenditures for Hypertension among Adults Age 18 and Older, 2010: Estimates for the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized PopulationApril 2013 Highlights
IntroductionHypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is the leading cause of stroke and kidney failure, and a major cause of heart attacks.This Statistical Brief presents estimates based on the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) on the use of and expenditures for all medical care (see definition for expenditures), ambulatory care (office-based provider and hospital outpatient visits), and prescribed medicines to treat hypertension among the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized adult population. Annual estimates for 2010 are shown by type of service and source of payment. All differences between estimates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better. FindingsIn 2010, 58.6 million adults or 25.1 percent of the U.S. community population age 18 and older received treatment for hypertension (figure 1). The percentage with reported treatment for hypertension was higher for adults age 65 years and older (61.7 percent) than those in younger age groups, 45–64 years (32.4 percent) and 18–44 years (6.1 percent). A higher percentage of non-Hispanic blacks were treated for hypertension (30.4 percent) than those who were non-Hispanic white (26.7 percent), non-Hispanic other (20.1 percent), or Hispanic (15.4 percent). A slightly higher proportion of women received treatment for hypertension (25.6 percent) than men (24.5 percent).Regionally, both the South and Midwest (26.7 percent) had higher percentages of adults who received treatment for hypertension, while the West (20.3 percent) had a lower percentage than the U.S. national average (figure 2). Mean health care expenditures for hypertension, by
selected demographic characteristics The mean expenditure per person for the treatment of hypertension was higher for Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks ($981 and $887, respectively), than for non-Hispanic whites ($679) and non-Hispanic others ($661). The mean expenditure per person for treatment for hypertension was slightly higher for women ($751) than for men ($713). The mean expenditure per person for the treatment of hypertension was lower than the national average for adults in the Midwest ($615) (figure 4). Distribution of health care expenditures for hypertension, by type of serviceIn 2010, a total of $42.9 billion was spent on treatment of hypertension for adults for all medical services. About 48 percent of expenditures for hypertension were spent on prescription medicines ($20.4 billion) compared to 30 percent on ambulatory visits ($13.0 billion) and 22 percent ($9.5 billion) on other services (figure 5). For adults age 18 and older, the mean expenditure per person for the treatment of hypertension among those with an expense for hypertension was $733 in 2010. The mean expense per adult for ambulatory visits was $442, and $368 for prescription medications (figure 6). Distribution of health care expenditures for hypertension, by source of payment Among adults ages 18–64, 42.1 percent of the expenditures for the treatment of hypertension were paid by private insurance, with out-of-pocket payments accounting for 21.8 percent. Medicaid and Medicare accounted for 14.1 percent and 10.0 percent, respectively. Medicare paid 52.8 percent of the expenditures for the treatment of hypertension for adults age 65 and older, with out-of-pocket payments accounting for 20.1 percent, and private insurance paying 14 percent. Medicaid accounted for 4.4 percent of hypertension expenses among the elderly. Data SourceThe estimates shown in this Statistical Brief are based on data from the MEPS 2010 Full Year Consolidated Data File (HC-138); 2010 Medical Conditions File (HC-137); 2010 Prescribed Medicines File (HC-135A); 2010 Hospital Inpatient Stays File (HC-135D); 2010 Emergency Room Visits File (HC-135E); 2010 Outpatient Visits File (HC-135F); 2010 Office-Based Medical Provider Visits File (HC-135G); and 2010 Home Health File (HC-135H).DefinitionsHypertensionThis Brief analyzes adults age 18 and older with hypertension in connection with health care utilization. The conditions reported by respondents were recorded by interviewers as verbatim text which was then coded by professional coders to fully specified ICD-9-CM codes. These codes were regrouped in clinically homogenous categories known as CCS codes. Conditions with CCS codes 98 and 99 (hypertension) were used for this Brief. A crosswalk of ICD-9 codes and CCS codes is available in the documentation file of the Medical Conditions File for 2010 (HC-137). For additional information on the crosswalk between ICD-9 codes and CCS codes, please visit: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/ccs.jsp. Ambulatory Expenditures Expenditures were classified as being associated with hypertension if a visit, stay, or medication purchase was cited as being related to hypertension. Expenditures may be associated with more than one condition and therefore may include some for conditions other than hypertension. Total spending does not include amounts for other medical expenses, such as durable and nondurable supplies, medical equipment, eyeglasses, ambulance services, and dental expenses, because these items are not linked to specific conditions in MEPS. Racial and ethnic classifications Sources of payment
About MEPS-HCMEPS-HC is a nationally representative longitudinal survey that collects detailed information on health care utilization and expenditures, health insurance, and health status, as well as a wide variety of social, demographic, and economic characteristics for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. It is cosponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Center for Health Statistics.For more information about MEPS, call the MEPS information coordinator at AHRQ (301-427-1406) or visit the MEPS Web site at http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/. ReferencesFor a detailed description of the MEPS survey design, sample design, and methods used to minimize sources of nonsampling errors, see the following publications:Cohen, J. Design and Methods of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component. MEPS Methodology Report No. 1. AHCPR Pub. No. 97-0026. Rockville, MD. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1997. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/mr1/mr1.shtml. Cohen, S. Sample Design of the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component. MEPS Methodology Report No. 2. AHCPR Pub. No. 97-0027. Rockville, MD. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1997. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/mr2/mr2.shtml Cohen, S. Design Strategies and Innovations in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Medical Care, July 2003: 41(7) Supplement: III-5–III-12. Ezzati-Rice, T.M., Rohde, F., Greenblatt, J. Sample Design of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 1998–2007. Methodology Report No. 22. March 2009. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/mr22/mr22.shtml. For more information about hypertension, see the following: American Society of Hypertension: http://www.ash-us.org Hypertension Fact Sheet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hyprtens.htm Suggested CitationDavis, K. Expenditures for Hypertension among Adults Age 18 and Older, 2010: Estimates for the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population. Statistical Brief #404. April 2013. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/st404/stat404.shtml* * *AHRQ welcomes questions and comments from readers of this publication who are interested in obtaining more information about access, cost, use, financing, and quality of health care in the United States. We also invite you to tell us how you are using this Statistical Brief and other MEPS data and tools and to share suggestions on how MEPS products might be enhanced to further meet your needs. Please e-mail us at or send a letter to the address below: Steve B. Cohen, PhD, Director
How much does it cost to treat high blood pressure?For patients not covered by health insurance, hypertension treatment typically costs between $740 and $1,200 or more per year, with an annual average cost of $454 for doctor's visits, and $407 for prescription medication, according to a report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality[1] .
What is the number one medication for high blood pressure?the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) tops the list, followed by amlodipine besylate (Norvasc), a calcium channel blocker, and. generic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).
Can I buy hypertension medication over the counter?Are there any high blood pressure medicines that can be bought over-the-counter? The short answer is: No. There are no FDA-approved medicines to treat high blood pressure that do not require a prescription. This is for a very good reason.
Is it worth taking blood pressure medication?The benefits of blood pressure medicines are clear: Blood pressure medicines can help you keep your blood pressure at healthy levels and therefore greatly reduce your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. In general, the risks of taking blood pressure medicines are low.
|