English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Contractions.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (after voiceless consonants except /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/)
enPR: s, IPA(key): /s/
- (after a sibilant or affricate)
- (UK) enPR: ĭz, IPA(key): /ɪz/
- (US) enPR: ĭz, əz, IPA(key): /ɪz/, /əz/
- (General Australian) enPR: əz, IPA(key): /əz/
- (elsewhere) enPR: z, IPA(key): /z/
- Homophone: -s
Verb[edit]
's (clitic)
- Contraction of is. The dog's running after me!
- Contraction of has. The dog's been chasing the mail carrier again.
- (proscribed, dialectal, Southern US) Contraction of was. It's a beautiful day yesterday so I's at the park.
- (informal) Contraction of does (used only with the auxiliary meaning of does and only after interrogative words). What's he do for a living?What's it say?Where's the n in Javanese come from?
- (nonstandard, sometimes proscribed) are (used mainly after where, here, and there). Where's the table tennis balls?
See also[edit]
- 'd, ’d
- 'll, ’ll
- 'm, ’m
- 're, ’re
- 've, ’ve
Pronoun[edit]
's (clitic)
- Contraction of us (found in the formula let’s which is used to form first-person plural imperatives). What are you guys waiting for? Let's go!
Determiner[edit]
's
- (poetic) Contraction of
his.
Duncan's in 's grave
Conjunction[edit]
's
- (UK, dialect) Contraction of as (when it is (nonstandardly) used as a relative conjunction, or like a relative pronoun, meaning "that"). All's he wanted was to go home.
Adverb[edit]
's (not comparable)
- (UK, dialect) Contraction of
as.
- 1922, E. F. Benson, Negotium PerambulansHe takes his bottle of whisky a day and gets drunk’s a lord in the evening.
Bavarian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Unstressed form of des.
Pronoun[edit]
's
- it (nominative and accusative)
- this, that
Article[edit]
's n
- the
See also[edit]
Bavarian articles
der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
en, den | 'n | ||||||
em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | ||
des | des | der, da | der, da | ||||
a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
an | 'n | ||||||
am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
1) higher, formal register
Etymology 2[edit]
Unstressed form of se.
Pronoun[edit]
's
- she
- they, them
See also[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
’s
- Contraction of se.
Declension[edit]
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
1st person | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu |
1st person majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre |
2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu |
2nd person formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre |
2nd person very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu |
3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu |
3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu |
3rd person neuter | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu |
1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre |
2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre |
2nd person formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu |
ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | ||||
locative | hi | -hi | ||||
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person. | 3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. |
Usage notes[edit]
- 's is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with
vowel.
Si us plau, calmi's. ― Please calm down.
Cimbrian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Article[edit]
's
- (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:
- nominative singular neuter
- accusative singular neuter
- z (Luserna)
See also[edit]
Nominative | dar | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Accusative | in | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Dative | me | dar | me | in |
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
's
- (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)
References[edit]
- “'s” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Dutch[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
A clitic form of des, the genitive of the masculine and neuter singular articles de and het.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /s/
Prefix[edit]
’s
- Contraction of des. Used in ’s ochtends, ’s morgens, ’s middags, ’s avonds, ’s nachts, ’s zomers, and ’s winters.
- Used in place names as a shorthand for genitive des such as ’s-Gravenhage and ’s-Hertogenbosch indicating possession or origin.
- Used to construct a noun phrase which indicates a genitive (quality, possession or origin) ’s werelds beste reisbestemming — the world’s best travel destination’s werelds mooiste zeereis — the world’s most beautiful sea voyage
As ’s is still conceptualized as a contraction of des, it is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 's Morgens regent het. (It rains in the morning.)
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /əs/, /s/
Adverb[edit]
's
- Clipping of eens.
German[edit]
Article[edit]
’s
- (chiefly colloquial or poetic) Contraction of das.
Pronoun[edit]
’s
- (chiefly colloquial or poetic) Contraction of es.
See also[edit]
- -'s
Irish[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
’s
- Contraction of is (“and”).
Particle[edit]
’s
- Contraction of is (“is”).
Noun[edit]
’s
- Contraction of a fhios (“knowledge of it”): only used in tá’s ag and similar constructions
Scottish Gaelic[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /s̪/ (after a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /ʃ/ (after a front vowel sound)
Verb[edit]
's
- Contraction of is (“is”).
Conjunction[edit]
's
- Contraction of is (“and”).
References[edit]
- “'s” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC, page 478.
Where did the letter S come from?
It originated as the Phoenician symbol for a voiceless sibilant. The Greeks adopted it as the letter sigma (Σ), with lower-case variants according to its position in a word: medial (σ) and final (ζ). The Etruscans and then the Romans further adapted the form to create S.
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