Chicago Manual of Style devotes 16 pages to the correct usage of the comma. I’m sure you’re familiar with its use with coordinate adjectives, transitional adverbs, appositive clauses, and participial phrases. I won’t insult you by repeating that information here. Instead, here are the most common errors in comma usage spotted around the Web. Show
Omitting a comma after city and stateWhen writing the name of a city followed by its state, most writers know to include the comma between the two, but often overlook the comma that’s required after the state name. Here’s how to punctuate a city, state combo correctly: He knew he was washed up in Bath, Maine, when his show was scrubbed. Show me the St. Louis, Missouri, map.
Omitting a comma after city and countryWhen writing a city name followed by the country, separate them with a comma, like this: He got plastered in Paris, France, and broiled in London, England, last week
Omitting a comma after a month-day-year dateA complete date (consisting of a month, day, and year) requires a comma after the day and after the year. She left the bank in Paris on July 1, 2008, for a job in Teller, Alaska. Remember: If there’s a comma before the year, put a comma after the year.
Including a comma between a month and yearIf you’re writing just a month and year (without a day), don’t separate them with a comma. And don’t include a comma after the year. Her daughter April may return in June 2009 for the reunion.
Placing a comma outside quotation marksPut a comma that follows a closing quotation mark inside the quote (in other words, before the ending quotation mark). Her favorite movies are “First Wives Club,” “The Second Time Around,” and “The Last King of Scotland.” Minilesson PrintUsing Commas in Dates and Addresses katjen/Shutterstock.com Your Turn Read the comma rules. Then read the paragraph, which needs commas in dates and addresses. Write each date and address with correct commas, or print the lesson to mark your corrections. Comma Rules:
Using Commas in Dates and Addresses by Thoughtful Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at k12.thoughtfullearning.com/minilesson/using-commas-dates-and-addresses. Even though punctuation marks occasionally seem intimidating, they do serve some beneficial purposes too. They guide readers not to get derailed from the context and also assist the compartmentalization of written items, which provides clarity to the content. To further elaborate on comma usage, this post focuses on the comma placement rules in spatial or locative addresses in detail. Contents
Do we need commas in addresses?Commas are necessary when writing addresses, at least from a general perspective. Commas are crucial marks that specify and distinguish places in addresses, which are typically written in a street-city-state sequence. The street, city, and state names are offset with commas, but the street number and postal code aren’t. However, we must not separate addresses with commas either when they are linked with prepositions, or when following specialized guidelines such as the USPS.
What is an address?Addresses are a collection of referential information used to locate spatial entities such as buildings and landmarks. In other words, an address refers to the particular names of places used when describing business locations and residential spaces. Addresses used to be easy to memorize in the past as well as the comma rules that govern their usage. At present, the accessibility of quick-and-easy-to-retrieve online data is one major driving factor that has led to the declined levels of information retention. Although the digital era offers counterproductive effects, it has also significantly improved a myriad of processes that are essential for the advancement of human civilization. With technological advancements, addresses have been able to serve more functions aside from identification and record keeping. Recently, addresses have been a crucial part of economic expansion as they are principal tools in courier and transportation services. Because of the comprehensively stored online data on addresses, international and local products are now shipped in a relatively short period. Also, we need not worry about getting to unfamiliar places because of the navigation tools that have dramatically enhanced transportation services. In a nutshell, addresses are an unarguably vital tool in augmenting the economy which, in turn, marks some of the greatest achievements of human evolution. Related posts:Ergo, understanding the fundamental rules that guide the appropriate writing of addresses is essential.
Commas in addressesBefore proceeding, all the addresses included in this post were randomly generated for the sole purpose of providing examples. As shortly expounded earlier, locative addresses normally necessitate commas when they appear in texts. Writing addresses are taught as early as in primary school and even more so in tertiary education such as in business correspondence courses. This implies the indisputable essence of addresses which is mainly to constantly remind all ages how to separate one locative entity from another correctly. Whether simply writing the city and state only or even a more complete form, commas are inserted by default. Since addresses are proper nouns, all the first letters are to be capitalized, and the abbreviated state name should be written in the upper case as well.
House number, street, city, state, and zip code formatHere’s an example of an address that contains a house number, street name, building number, city, state, and postal code according to the format followed in the USA. Each entity is separated by a comma except for two cases: between the state and zip code and between the house number and street name. This means that the comma must come after the street name, not the number; apartment number, if applicable; and city name, but not after the state when followed by a postal code. We live at 9867 Pilgrim St., New Castle, DE 19720.
House number, street, building, city, state, and zip code formatWhen other specifiers are included, such as the building name and apartment number, commas are still needed Each address entity should be set off with a comma to clearly distinguish it from the others. The building name is placed after the street name followed by the apartment number lest they are applicable. You may send the parcel at 4344 Lynn Ave., Building F, Apt. 4B, Merrill, WI 54452. Again, no commas should come after the house number and the state name when followed by a postal code.
Block letter formatThe block letter format is the vertically written address commonly found in letter headings, mail envelopes, and parcel containers. The first line contains the house number, street name, and the optional building name or number. The second line must include the city, state, and postal code, with a comma between the city and state but without any between the state and postal code. No comma should appear between the house number and street name, but a comma must come between the street name and apartment number. Also notice that no commas should come at the end of each line, particularly after the apartment number and the postal code. This is the usual format for a handwritten address that also contains a person’s name at the top. John Doe 9054 Marrieta Dr., Apt. 6 Concord, CA 94520
Words after addressesMost of the time, sentences usually end in the last address entity, as demonstrated in the previous examples. However, if the sentence would continue further, a comma must be placed after the final address entity but not before the first. This means that no comma should come before the house number, but a comma must come after the postal code. Jane currently resides at 3912 Kenwood Ave., Orlando, FL 32801, but she’s planning to move to Alaska next year. The same is true even for shorter address formats as in the example below. We moved to Seattle, Washington, to be closer to my grandparents.
When do we not need commas in addresses?Now that the comma placement rules have been made clear, it is also crucial to understand when not to use any commas at all. The two main circumstances that dictate the non-insertion of commas are linking addresses with prepositions and following a specialized guideline.
Address with prepositionsIn writing a spatial address, no commas are needed when the entities are linked with prepositions. The prepositions entirely serve the function of commas, and they are already sufficient in separating the locations. Send me the document in care of P.O. Box 805 in 3118 Samson Street. We have recently moved to Orange County in California.
USPS formatWhen the address is written vertically, specialized formats may not contain commas. The next example is the version recommended by the United States Postal Service which is the agency responsible for postal services in the USA. JOHN DOE 5649 JOHN DANIEL DR APT 6 JEFFERSON CITY MO 65101 An automated mail processing system is used by the agency which requires specified character formatting in order to be read by machines. The capitalization, comma omission, and the two white spaces after the state are intentionally done to avoid any misinterpretation of characters. Further character and abbreviation guidelines are available online for reference.
ConclusionThe knowledge of appropriately writing addresses is necessary when filling up both official and non-official documents, which regularly happens. A mistakenly written address could trigger confusion and even hamper delivery and transportation services. Thus, even though writing addresses can be confusing because it requires attention to detail, this is a basic skill that every person has to know. Marcel Iseli Hey fellow Linguaholics! It’s me, Marcel. I am the proud owner of linguaholic.com. Languages have always been my passion and I have studied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and Sinology at the University of Zurich. It is my utmost pleasure to share with all of you guys what I know about languages and linguistics in general. |
Do you put a comma after the city and state
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